Actions Speak: The Study of Hygiene Behaviour in Water and Sanitation Projects

THIS BOOK IS the outcome of a workshop on the Measurement of Hygiene Behaviour, which enabled a comprehensive analysis of the ways in which hygiene behaviour can best be studied in a range of cultural contexts. It is therefore methodological in scope and aims to show how maximum benefit can be derived from water supply, sanitation and hygiene education projects. The book uses a range of practical examples to demonstrate how to gather and analyze data on topics that are often personal and sensitive. Boxes, figures, tables and drawings found throughout the text give illustrations of recommended practice, and comprehensive appendices include a glossary of terms, hygiene rules and a guide to further reading.

To structure the studies, the authors use five categories: disposal of human faeces; use and protection of water sources; water and personal hygiene; food preparation and storage; and domestic and environmental hygiene. Chapter 2 explores the links between hygiene behaviour and health, and the following chapter situates hygiene behaviour in its socioeconomic, cultural and demographic contexts. Chapter 4 discusses observation techniques, including continuous monitoring, spot checks and rating checks. The importance of a focused and systematic approach is emphasized and questions of frequency, duration and seasonality of observation are raised. Unstructured observation provides qualitative data whereas structured observation allows quantitative analysis. Interviews and the phrasing of appropriate questions are discussed as are a range of methodological issues concerning learning opportunities, sampling, data capture and management. The final chapter covers the design and organization of hygiene behaviour studies and so forms a framework for the other parts of the book. Whilst the subject matter is technical in part, the book is clear and easy to use and will facilitate better research into areas which are poorly understood.